What happened in 1938?
345 recorded events in 1938, including 158 in people, 49 in architecture & engineering and 44 in science & technology. A further 2 events are dated only to the wider period.
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Wars & Conflicts 17
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Battle of Lake Khasan
1938 Soviet–Japanese border conflict
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Battle of the Ebro
643419474 major battle of the Spanish Civil War liderate by the best:FRANCO
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Battle of Wuhan
Large-scale battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War over 4 months in 1938
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Battle of Taierzhuang
1938 battle between China and Japan
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Catalonia Offensive
1938 battle in the Spanish war
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Battle of Xuzhou
1938 battle
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Aragon Offensive
1938 military offensive
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Battle of the Segre
1938 battle
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Battle of Caspe
1938 battle
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Battle of Gandesa
1938 battle during the Spanish Civil War
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Battle of Alfambra
1938 part of battle of Teruel
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Battle of Lérida
1938 battle
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Merida pocket
Military engagement that took place during the Spanish Civil War in July 1938 in La Serena zone of Badajoz Province.
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Clash at Habersbirk
1938 battle
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Siege of Gandesa
1938 siege
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Battle of Beersheba
1938 battle
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Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan
Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan (Wars & Conflicts).
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Politics & Government 3
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Munich agreement
1938 cession of German-speaking Czechoslovakia to the German Reich
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First Vienna Award
Treaty signed in 1938
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Salonika Agreement
1938 treaty between the Balkan Entente and Bulgaria
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People 158
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John Bates Clark died
American neoclassical economist (1847–1938)
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Joseph Bédier died
French philologist and writer (1864-1938)
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Zitkala-Sa died
Yankton Dakota writer (1876-1938)
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Édouard-Alfred Martel died
French cave explorer (1859–1938)
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Edmund Husserl died
German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology (*1859 – †1938)
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Charles Édouard Guillaume died
Swiss physicist (1861-1938)
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Thomas Crean died
Irish explorer (1877–1938)
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Mykola Voronyi died
Ukrainian writer, director and actor (1871-1938)
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Constantine Stanislavsky died
Russian actor and theatre director (1863–1938)
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Georges Méliès died
French filmmaker and illusionist (1861–1938)
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Feodor Chaliapin died
Russian opera singer and actor (1873-1938)
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Kōsaku Hamada died
Japanese archaeologist (1881–1938)
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Charles Lallemand died
French geophysician (1857-1938)
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Muhammad Atallah Al-Kasm died
20th century Islamic Scholar (born 1844)
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Swarup Rani Nehru died
Mother of Jawaharlal Nehru and an Indian independence activist
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Robert Johnson died
American blues singer and guitarist
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Alfonsina Storni died
Argentine writer and poet
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Branislav Nušić died
Serbian writer
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Robert Wiene died
German film director (1873–1938)
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Egon Friedell died
Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer (Kabarettist) and theatre critic (1878–1938)
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Paul Fauconnet died
French academic (1874–1938)
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George Ernest Barnett died
American economist
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Henry Kistemaeckers died
Author and playwright (1872–1938)
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Félix Regnault died
French anthropologist
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Mary Eileen Ahern died
American librarian (1860-1938)
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Paul Ruat died
French publisher-bookseller and felibre
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George Ellery Hale died
American astronomer (1868-1938)
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William Henry Pickering died
American astronomer (1858–1938)
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Edmund Landau died
German Jewish mathematician (1877–1938)
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William Wallace Campbell died
American astronomer (1862–1938)
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Edwin Hall died
American physicist (1855–1938)
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Ernest William Brown died
English-American astronomer and mathematician
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Kazimierz Twardowski died
Polish philosopher, psychologist and logician (1866–1938)
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Frederick George Jackson died
British polar explorer (1860–1938)
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Thomas Gann died
British physician and archaeologist (1867–1938)
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Benedikt Livshits died
Russian writer (1886–1938)
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John Frederick Bailey died
Australian botanist (1866-1938)
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Mikhail Babushkin died
Soviet polar aviator (1893–1938)
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Laurence Waddell died
British explorer (1854-1938)
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Stephen Troyte Dunn died
British botanist (1868–1938)
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Paul Reichard died
German explorer (1854–1938)
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Dmitry Mushketov died
Russian geologist, professor
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Gottlob Krause died
German linguist and Africanist (1850–1938)
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Octavie Coudreau died
French geographer and explorer
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John Charles Phillips died
American zoologist (1876-1938)
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Filippo De Filippi died
Italian physician, scientist and explorer (1869-1938)
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Georg Gürich died
German geologist
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Guy N. Collins died
American botanist (1872–1938)
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Anna Laurens Dawes died
American author and anti-suffragist
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Aurora Teixeira de Castro died
Portuguese feminist and first female notary in Europe
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Angélica Viana Porto died
Portuguese activist
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Rosa Bodenheimer died
German women's rights activist
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İskender Chitaşi died
Laz linguist, educator, writer, and activist
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Florence Lawrence died
Canadian-American actress (1886-1938)
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Georges Urbain died
French chemist, painter, sculptor and composer (1872–1938)
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Nicola Romeo died
Italian engineer and entrepreneur (1876–1938)
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Max Factor died
American businessman (1872–1938)
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Gustav Heinrich Tammann died
Baltic German metallurgist (1861-1938)
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Lev Schnirelmann died
Russian mathematician (1905–1938)
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Hovhannes Katchaznouni died
Armenian politician (1867-1938)
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André Blondel died
French physicist (1863–1938)
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Georgy Langemak died
Soviet rocket scientist (1898-1938)
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Max Wien died
German physicist (1866–1938)
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Michel Giacobini died
French astronomer (1873-1938)
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Matvei Petrovich Bronstein died
Soviet physicist (1906-1938)
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Walther Augustin Villiger died
Swiss astronomer (1872–1938)
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Konstantin Kalinin died
World War I aviator and Soviet aircraft designer (1887–1938)
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Maurice d’Ocagne died
French engineer and mathematician (1862–1938)
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Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich died
Soviet aircraft designer (1883–1938)
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Sahachiro Hata died
Japanese bacteriologist (1873-1938)
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André Lagache died
Racing driver (1885–1938)
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Franz Riklin died
Swiss physicist (1878-1938)
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Edith Anne Stoney died
Anglo-Irish medical physicist
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Ivan Kleymyonov died
Russian engineer (1899–1938)
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Francis G. Pease died
American astronomer (1881–1938)
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Anders Donner died
Finnish astronomer (1854–1938)
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Filip Filipović died
Serbian politician (1878-1938)
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Ervin Bauer died
Hungarian biologist (1890-1938)
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Václav Klement died
Czech entrepreneur (1868–1938)
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Boris Tageev died
Russian explorer
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Josef Kořenský died
Czech traveller, teacher and writer (1847–1938)
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Hans von Ramsay died
German explorer (1862–1938)
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Jack Hides died
Australian explorer (1906–1938)
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Lawrence Wells died
Australian explorer (1860-1938)
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Francis Walter Belt died
Australian naval commander and lawyer
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Gertrude Emily Benham died
English mountaineer, traveller and collector
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George Yeld died
English writer, illustrator, schoolmaster, climber, explorer and hybridiser of daylilies and irises
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Sir Robert Williams, 1st Baronet died
British businessman; (1860-1938)
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Donald "Curly" Phillips died
Canadian guide and explorer
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Nettie Langston Napier died
Clubwoman, activist (1861-1938)
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Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko died
Prominent Soviet Bolshevik leader/diplomat (1883-1938)
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Steve Bloomer died
English footballer and manager (1874-1938)
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Leopold Godowsky died
American pianist, composer, and teacher (1870–1938)
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Pearl White died
American actress (1889–1938)
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Gösta Ekman died
Swedish actor (1890–1938)
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Pauline Frederick died
American actress (1883–1938)
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Warner Oland died
Swedish-American actor (1879–1938)
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Harry Myers died
American actor (1882–1938)
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Al Ernest Garcia died
American actor (1887-1938)
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Bernd Rosemeyer died
German racecar driver and icon of national-socialism
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Rosa Mayreder died
Austrian artist and writer (1858-1938)
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Alma Gluck died
American singer (1884–1938)
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Kofi Annan born
Born in Kumasi. 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations (1938-2018).
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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf born
Born in Monrovia. 24th president of Liberia.
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Juan Carlos I of Spain born
Born in Rome. King of Spain from 1975 to 2014.
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Vladimir Vysotsky born
Born in Moscow. Soviet singer-songwriter and actor (1938–1980).
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Islam Karimov born
Born in Samarkand. 1st President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1938–2016).
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Donald Knuth born
Born in Milwaukee. American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1938).
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Leonid Kuchma born
Born in Chaikyne. The second president of Ukraine.
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Alberto Fujimori born
Born in Miraflores. President of Peru from 1990 to 2000.
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Heinz Fischer born
Born in Graz. Austrian politician (SPÖ), 8th president of Austria (born 1938).
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Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o born
Born in Kamirithu. Kenyan writer (1938–2025).
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Victor Chernomyrdin born
Born in Chorny Otrog. Russian diplomat and politician (1938–2010).
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Alpha Condé born
Born in Boké. President of Guinea from 2010 to 2021.
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Giuliano Amato born
Born in Turin. Italian politician (born 1938).
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Paul Martin born
Born in Windsor. Prime minister of Canada from 2003 to 2006.
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Farah Pahlavi born
Born in Tehran. Queen/empress consort of Iran from 1959 to 1979.
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Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens born
Born in London. British sociologist (born 1938).
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John Kufuor born
Born in Kumasi. Fifth President of the Republic of Ghana and Lawyer.
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Robert Nozick born
Born in Brooklyn. American political philosopher (1938–2002).
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Joyce Carol Oates born
Born in Lockport. American author (born 1938).
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Wim Kok born
Born in Bergambacht. Dutch politician (1938–2018).
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Raymond Carver born
Born in Clatskanie. Penman, poet, screenwriter, novelist, prose writer, teacher, short story writer (1938-1988).
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Fuad Masum born
Born in Koy Sanjaq. 7th President of the Republic of Iraq.
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Ricardo Lagos born
Born in Santiago. Chilean politician, president of Chile from 2000 to 2006.
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Pedro Pablo Kuczynski born
Born in Lima. Peruvian politician and economist; Prime Minister (2005–06), President (2016–18).
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Mamadou Tandja born
Born in Région de Diffa. President of Niger from 1999 to 2010.
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Gordon Lightfoot born
Born in Orillia. Canadian singer-songwriter (1938–2023).
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Brian Dennehy born
Born in Bridgeport. American actor (1938–2020).
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Tom Regan born
Born in Pittsburgh. American philosopher (1938–2017).
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Vasyl Stus born
Born in Rakhnivka. Ukrainian poet, publicist and dissident (1938–1985).
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Leonardo Boff born
Born in Concórdia. Brazilian Catholic liberation theologian (born 1938).
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Charles Simic born
Born in Belgrade. Serbian born American poet (1938-2023).
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Jaswant Singh born
Born in Jasol. Indian politician and retired army officer (1938–2020).
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Lyudmila Petrushevskaya born
Born in Moscow. Russian writer.
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Murtala Muhammed born
Born in Kano. Nigerian politician and general (1938–1976).
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Perry Anderson born
Born in London. British historian (born 1938).
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Arsen Dedić born
Born in Šibenik. Croatian singer-songwriter, composer and poet (1938–2015).
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Bahram Beyzai born
Born in Tehran. Iranian film director (1938-2025).
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Jan Assmann born
Born in Langelsheim. German egyptologist (1938–2024).
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Igor Sergeyev born
Born in Lysychansk. Russian military officer (1938–2006).
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Billy Mills born
Born in Pine Ridge. American Olympic athlete (born 1938).
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Andrei Amalrik born
Born in Moscow. Russian writer and dissident (1938-1980).
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Amfilohije Radović born
Born in Bare. Montenegrin bishop (1938-2020).
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Taha Yassin Ramadan born
Born in Mosul. Iraqi politician (1938-2007).
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Archbishop Ieronimos II of Athens born
Born in Oinofyta. Archbishop of Athens (2008- ).
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Jon Sobrino born
Born in Barcelona. Spanish theologian.
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Ti-Grace Atkinson born
Born in Baton Rouge. American feminist author.
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Teresa de Lauretis born
Born in Bologna. Italian academic.
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Georges Frêche born
Born in Puylaurens. French politician and legal historian (1938-2010).
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Jay Garner born
Born in Arcadia. United States Army general and United States Marine.
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Stephen F. Cohen born
Born in Owensboro. American historian (1938-2020).
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Michael Löwy born
Born in São Paulo. French sociologist.
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Trina Robbins born
Born in New York City. American comic artist and comics historian (1938–2024).
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Hudson Austin born
Born in Grenada. Grenadian revolutionary and politician (1938–2022).
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Jonathan Riley-Smith born
Born in Harrogate. British historian.
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William Henry Pickering died
Died in Mandeville. American astronomer (1858–1938).
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Muhammad Atallah Al-Kasm died
Died in Damascus. 20th century Islamic Scholar (born 1844).
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Science & Technology 44
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University of Piraeus
University located in Piraeus, Athens, Greece
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Kadyrov Chechen State University
University located in Grozny, Chechnya, Russia
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German expedition to Tibet (1938-1939)
German research expedition (1938-1939)
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Rome Observatory
Astronomical observatory
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Groote Schuur Hospital
Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa
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Rambam Health Care Campus
Hospital in Haifa, Israel
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Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary
Eastern Orthodox seminary in Yonkers, New York, United States
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National Southwestern Associated University
University in China
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Swedish Institute of International Affairs
Swedish research institute
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Botanical Garden of São Paulo
Park of the Botanical Garden, environmental preservation area of the São Paulo state in Brazil
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
University in China
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Hunan Normal University
University in China
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Maternité suisse d'Elne
Maternité suisse d'Elne (Science & Technology).
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Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna
University in Vienna, Austria
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Shengavit Medical Center
Hospital in Yerevan, Armenia
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Giardino Botanico Alpino alle Viotte di Monte Bondone
Botanical garden in Trento, Italy
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Arellano University
University in Manila, Philippines
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Alexandra Hospital
Hospital in Singapore
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Government Nizamia General Hospital
Hospital in India
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Aikoku Gakuen University
Higher education institution in Chiba Prefecture, Japan
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Chubu University
Higher education institution in Aichi Prefecture, Japan
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Luxun Academy of Fine Arts
University in China
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Seisen University
Women's college in Tokyo
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Tavrian State Agrotechnological University
Education organization in Melitopol, Ukraine
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Istituto Giannina Gaslini
Hospital in Genoa, Italy
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Bayreuth Medical Center
The Bayreuth Medical Center (German: Klinikum-Bayreuth) is the teaching hospital of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and is the largest hospital in Upper Franconia, Bavaria.
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Hakodate University
Private University in Hokkaido, Japan
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Instituto Tecnológico de Pachuca
University in Hidalgo, Mexico
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Tula State Pedagogical University
Education organization in Tula, Russia
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St Helier Hospital
Hospital in England
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St Richard's Hospital
Hospital in England
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Hospital of Emergency Medical Service, Yekaterinburg
Hospital in Russia
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Tunbridge Wells Hospital
Hospital in England
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Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory
Research lab on a Mississippi River island in Minnesota, U.S.
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Changhua Railway Hospital
Historic building in Taiwan, formerly a restaurant and subsequently a hospital
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Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture
Building in Nara Prefecture, Japan
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Béchir Hamza Children's Hospital
Hospital in Tunisia
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Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus
Hospital in Jerusalem, Israel
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Institute of Water Research (Verbania)
Facility in Verbania, Italy
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Ellis Fischel Cancer Center
Hospital in Missouri, United States
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Hospital Udaondo
Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Länsi-Pohja Central Hospital
Hospital in Kemi, Finland
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Hospital on Sbornaya Street, 2 in Vyborg
Hospital in Russia
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Sekgoma Memorial Hospital
Hospital in Botswana
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Exploration & Discovery 9
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Teshik-Tash
Archaeological site in Uzbekistan
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Pompeii Lakshmi
Ivory statuette from Pompeii resembling an Indian fertility goddess
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Castellana Caves
Karst cave system located in Castellana Grotte, Italy
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Bronze Head from Ife
Sculpture from Ife
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Risovača Cave
Cave in Serbia
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Group of Zeus and Ganymede
Ancient Greek multi-figure terracotta statue group
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Goose Lake meteorite
Meteorite
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Tell Brak Head
Prehistoric sculpture from Tell Brak
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Shipwrecking of DS Rokta
Shipwrecking of DS Rokta (Exploration & Discovery).
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Religion & Belief Systems 19
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Notre-Dame Cathedral
Roman Catholic cathedral of Luxembourg
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Great Mosque of Asmara
Islamic place of worship in Eritrea
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Enda Mariam Coptic Cathedral
Building in Asmara, Eritrea
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St. Elijah Cathedral
Church in Haifa, Israel
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Meštrović Pavilion
Cultural venue in Zagreb, Croatia
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Al-Rashid Mosque
Mosque in Canada
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Kadoorie Synagogue
Synagogue in Porto, Portugal
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Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Belgrade
Church in Belgrade, Serbia
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Alte Synagoge
Former synagogue in Heilbronn, Germany
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Cathedral of the Resurrection
Berlin
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Cathedral of St. Francis de Sales
Church in Louisiana, United States
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Synagogue of Kaiserslautern
Synagogue
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Aisha Bakkar Mosque
Mosque in Beirut
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Synagogue in Kamenice nad Lipou
Synagogue in Kamenice nad Lipou (Religion & Belief Systems).
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St. Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral
Armenian church in Buenos Aires
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synagogue at 2nd De Carpentierstraat
Former Jewish synagogue in The Hague, the Netherlands
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Khal Adath Jeshurun
Synagogue in Manhattan, New York
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Saint Demetrius Cathedral in Arta
Church building in Arta, Epirus Region, Greece
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SiZhang Ancestral Shrine
Located in Yangmei District, Taoyuan TAIWAN
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Economy & Trade 22
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Pioneer Corporation
Japanese electronics company
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Pemex
Mexican state-owned petroleum corporation
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Fannie Mae
Government-backed financial services company
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Arriva
Multinational public transport company
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Koç Holding
Industrial conglomerate in Turkey
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Columbia Sportswear Company
United States company that manufactures and distributes outerwear and sportswear
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Larsen & Toubro
Indian multinational conglomerate company
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Samsung C&T Corporation
South Korean construction and engineering company
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Husky
Canadian chain of petrol stations and energy company
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HellermannTyton
Company
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Molex
Manufacturer of electronic, electrical and fiber optic interconnection systems
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Juki
Japanese manufacturing company
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Jammu & Kashmir Bank
Jammu and Kashmir based Bank
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Dena Bank
Bank in India
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Calsonic Kansei
Japanese automotive company
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Owens Corning
American manufacturer of building materials
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Erg
Italian energy company
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Denizbank
Turkish private sector bank
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Atkins
British company
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Metz
German electronic manufacturer
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Carlson
American privately held international corporation in the hotel and travel industries
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Kangol
English clothing company
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Disasters & Pandemics 5
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1938 Yellow River flood
Man-made flood in China caused by NRA
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1938 Banda Sea earthquake
Earthquake in Indonesia
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1938 Great Hanshin Flood
Natural disaster in Japan
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Kırşehir earthquake of 1938
6.6-magnitude earthquake that struck Kırşehir in central Turkey on April 19, 1938
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1938 Bilogora earthquake
Earthquake in present-day Croatia
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Social Movements & Revolutions 1
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Bloody Sunday
Vancouver, 19 June 1938
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Architecture & Engineering 49
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Helsinki Olympic Stadium
Stadium in Helsinki, Finland
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Julio Martínez Prádanos National Stadium
Stadium in Santiago, Chile
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Estádio do Pacaembu
Football stadium in Brazil
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São Bento Palace
Building in Lisbon, Lisbon District, Portugal
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Jernvallen
Sports venue
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Estadio Félix Capriles
Stadium in Cochabamba, Bolivia
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Taieb Mhiri Stadium
Stadium in Tunisia
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Kazhimukan Munaitpasov Stadium
Multi-purpose stadium in Astana, Kazakhstan
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Suphachalasai Stadium
Stadium in Bangkok
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Murabba Palace
Historic building in Riyadh
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Wagener Stadium
Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands
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Hayes Lane
Association football stadium in England
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Saint Mary Armenian Church
Church in Tehran, Iranian national heritage site
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St Mary of the Angels Basilica
Church in Victoria, Australia
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Estádio da Gávea
Brazilian football stadium
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Sant'Antonio di Padova a Circonvallazione Appia
Church building in Rome, Italy
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Clarke Stadium
Soccer and football stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Église Saint-Pierre-de-Chaillot
Church located in Paris, in France
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Ponte della Magliana
Bridge in Italy
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Estádio Municipal Adérito Sena
Building in Cape Verde
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Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium
Architectural structure
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Øvre Saltdal Church
Church in Saltdal, Norway
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Førde Church
Church in Sveio municipality, Vestland District, Norway
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Kannonkoski Church
Church building in Kannonkoski, Finland
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Dumlupinar Stadium
Multi-purpose stadium in Kütahya, Turkey
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Kaurialan kenttä
Stadium in Hämeenlinna, Finland
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Notodden Church
Church building in Notodden, Eastern Norway
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Strandlandet Church
Church in Vågan, Norway
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Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial
Memorial located in Somme, in France
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Cronwork Bridge
Small bridge in St Petersburg, Russia
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Santi Pietro e Paolo Church
Church in Arese, Italy
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Église Notre-Dame-des-Otages (Paris)
Church located in Paris, in France
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St George's Church
Church in Polegate, East Sussex, England
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St Luke's Church, Orrell
Church in United Kingdom
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Riverside Stadium
Demolished multi-purpose sports arena
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St Michael and All Angels Church, Gidea Park
Church of england church
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Hartford Bridge, Cheshire
Bridge near Hartford, Cheshire, United Kingdom
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Rutgers Stadium
Stadium in New Jersey, U.S.A.
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Church of the Immaculate Conception, Dublin
Church in Merchant's QuayCounty Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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St Bartholomew's
Church in Allen's Cross, Birmingham, England
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Grange Park Methodist Church
Methodist Church in Park Drive, Grange Park
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St Barnabas' Church
Church in Lenton Abbey, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England
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Martha-Mary Chapel
Historic church in Massachusetts, United States
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St Gabriel's School
School in West Berkshire, UK
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St Stephen's Church, Whelley
Grade II listed church in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England, UK
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Behrman Stadium
Stadium in New Orleans
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Tait Tower
Tower in Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Varsity Stadium
Vancouver
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McAndrew Stadium
Demolished stadium in Illinois, USA
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Sports & Entertainment 11
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Lucerne Festival
International music festival
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Bashkir Theater of Opera and Ballet
Opera house in Ufa, Russia
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Theater Saarbrücken
State Theatre and Opera of Saarland in Saarbrücken, Germany
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1938 World Snooker Championship
Snooker tournament
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Kazan Opera and Ballet Theatre
Theatre in Kazan, Russia
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Shusha Musical Drama Theatre
Azerbaijani theatre
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Empire Exhibition Trophy
1938 association football competition
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Atlas Performing Arts Center
Arts centre in Washington, D.C.
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The State Puppet Theatre
The State Puppet Theatre (Sports & Entertainment).
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Chulalongkorn University Auditorium
Chulalongkorn University Auditorium is the main auditorium of Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand
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Bethesda Theatre
Movie theater and theater in Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Empires & Countries 7
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First Czechoslovak Republic dissolved
First Czechoslovak Republic ceased to exist, having been centered at Prague.
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Second Czechoslovak Republic founded
Second Czechoslovak Republic was founded, with its capital at Prague.
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Hatay State founded
Hatay State was founded, with its capital at Antakya.
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Federal State of Austria dissolved
Federal State of Austria ceased to exist, having been centered at Vienna.
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East Hebei Autonomous Government dissolved
East Hebei Autonomous Government ceased to exist, having been centered at Tongzhou District.
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Reformed Government of the Republic of China founded
Reformed Government of the Republic of China was founded, with its capital at Nanjing.
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Fascist Romania dissolved
Fascist Romania ceased to exist, having been centered at Bucharest.
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Dated to the wider period
Wikidata records these 2 entries only to a century, decade or millennium rather than to a specific year. They are listed here because 1938 is where that broader date falls, not because they are known to have happened in 1938.
1930s 2
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Ukrainian Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception
Church in Springfield, Manitoba
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Agudath Sholem Synagogue
Church building in Connecticut, United States of America
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