What happened in 1859?
255 recorded events in 1859, including 110 in people, 39 in economy & trade and 37 in architecture & engineering. A further 2 events are dated only to the wider period.
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Major Events 1
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Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species
Charles Darwin publishes his theory of evolution by natural selection, reshaping biology.
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Wars & Conflicts 20
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Battle of Solferino
1859 major battle of the Second Italian War of Independence
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Pig War
Confrontation in 1859 between the United States and the British Empire
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Battle of Magenta
1859 battle of the Second Italian War of Independence
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Hispano-Moroccan War
War conflict between Spain and Morocco (1859-1860)
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Battle of Montebello
1859 battle
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Battle of Palestro
1859 battle
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Battle of Varese
1859 battle
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Battle of San Fermo
1859 battle
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Banjarmasin War
War between the Dutch Empire and the pro-Antasari faction
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Battle of Taku Forts
1859 battle
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Battle of Cepeda
Battle 1859
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Battle of Turbigo
Battle of the Second Italian War of Independence, fought on June 3, 1859
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Battle of San Martino
Battle in the Second Italian War of Independence (1859)
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Battle of Treponti
Battle in the second Italian war of independence, 1859
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Battle of Logandème
Uprising led by Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, king of Sine, against the French Empire
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Battle of Sierra Bullones
Battle of the Hispano–Moroccan War
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Battle of Ghunib
1859 siege of aul Gunib by Russian forces
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Battle of Boffalora
Battle of Boffalora (Wars & Conflicts).
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Battle of Tlatempa
1859
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First Siege of Veracruz
1859 siege
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Politics & Government 3
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Treaty of Villafranca
Treaty of French-Austrian armistice
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Treaty of Zürich
1859 treaty between Austria, France, and Vienna
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Treaty of Lisbon
Treaty between the Netherlands and Portugal
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People 110
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Alexis de Tocqueville died
French political thinker and historian, minister of Foreign Affairs (1805-1859)
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Alexander von Humboldt died
Prussian geographer, naturalist and explorer (1769-1859)
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Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet died
German mathematician (1805–1859)
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Carl Ritter died
German geographer (1779-1859)
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Constantius I of Constantinople died
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
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Konstantios II de Constantinoble died
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1834 to 1835
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Louis Joseph Antoine de Potter died
Pamphleteer, politician (1786-1859)
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Isambard Kingdom Brunel died
British mechanical and civil engineer (1806-1859)
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Heinrich Zollinger died
Swiss botanist (1818–1859)
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Marceline Desbordes-Valmore died
French poet and novelist
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Louis Spohr died
German composer, violinist and conductor
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Laurent Cunin-Gridaine died
French politician
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Robert Stephenson died
British railway engineer and locomotive designer (1803-1859)
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Carl Adolph Agardh died
Swedish cleric and botanist (1785–1859)
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Louis Poinsot died
French mathematician and physicist (1777-1859)
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William Cranch Bond died
American astronomer (1789-1859)
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Alfred Vail died
American inventor (1807–1859)
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Sir George Staunton, 2nd Baronet died
English traveller and Orientalist (1781-1859)
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Agostino Codazzi died
Italian scientist, geographer and cartographer (1793-1859)
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Catharine Hermine Kølle died
Norwegian artist (1788-1859)
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Mikhail Reyneke died
Russian admiral of Baltic German origin (1801-1859)
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John Wolley died
English ornithologist (1823-1859)
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Samuel Stutchbury died
British naturalist (1758–1859)
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Joseph Ludwig Raabe died
Swiss mathematician (1801–1859)
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Joseph Diez Gergonne died
French mathematician
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Walter Hunt died
American mechanic and inventor (1796–1859)
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John Walker died
British inventor (1781-1859)
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Dionysius Lardner died
Irish science writer (1793–1859)
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Camille Polonceau died
French railway systems engineer (1813-1859)
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Carl Sprengel died
German botanist (1787-1859)
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Charles Cagniard de la Tour died
French physicist and imperial councillor
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Ignaz Venetz died
Swiss glaciologist (1788-1859)
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J. G. Westphal died
German astronomer (1824–1859)
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Louis Rendu died
French bishop and physicist
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Manuel John Johnson died
British astronomer (1805-1859)
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Denison Olmsted died
U.S. physicist and astronomer (1791–1859)
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Moritz Ludwig George Wichmann died
German astronomer
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Jean Louis Lassaigne died
French chemist (1800-1859)
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John Pringle Nichol died
Scottish educator, phrenologist, astronomer and economist (1804–1859)
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Achille Collas died
French inventor (1795–1859)
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Joaquín Ezquerra del Bayo died
Spanish engineer
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Thomas Penson died
Welsh architect and engineer
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Robert Leslie Ellis died
English polymath (1817–1859)
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Jacob Bell died
British politician, pharmacist and chemist (1810-1859)
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James Matthews Legaré died
American writer (1823–1859)
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Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici died
German mathematician (1790–1859)
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Louis Courtois died
Juggler, physicist, and illusionist
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Louis Comte died
Magician (1788-1859)
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Carlo Ignazio Giulio died
Italian mathematician and politician (1803–1859)
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Daniel Leavitt died
American firearms inventor
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James Inman died
British mathematician
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Miguel de Frias e Vasconcelos died
Brazilian military personnel, engineer and politician (1805-1859)
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George Wilson died
Scottish chemist, Regius Professor of Technology at the University of Edinburgh (1818-1859)
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Francisco Hudson died
Chilean Navy officer
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Henri Lambert died
French explorer and merchant (1828-1859)
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Henry Dundas Trotter died
British Royal Navy officer (1802-1859)
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James Kelly died
Australian mariner, explorer and port official (1791-1859)
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Meshach Browning died
American pioneer, hunter and explorer (1781-1859)
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Thomas Bewes Strangways died
Explorer in South Australia (1809–1859)
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John Henry Weber died
American explorer (1779–1859)
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Václav Kliment Klicpera died
Czech poet, playwright, librettist, writer and high school educator (1792-1859)
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Antonio D'Antoni died
Italian musician (1801-1859)
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Sara Torsslow died
Swedish actress
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Wilhelm Kunst died
German actor (1799-1859)
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Allyre Bureau died
French politician, writer, translator, journalist and composer (1810–1859)
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Karl Leopold Böhm died
Austrian cellist
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Pat Hearne died
New York gambler, sportsman and underworld figure during the mid-19th century; opened the first casinos in the city during the 1830s.
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Arthur Conan Doyle born
Born in Edinburgh. British writer and physician (1859–1930).
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L. L. Zamenhof born
Born in Białystok. Polish-Jewish physician and inventor of Esperanto (1859-1917).
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Henri Bergson born
Born in Paris. French philosopher (1859–1941).
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Knut Hamsun born
Born in Lom Municipality. Norwegian novelist (1859–1952).
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John Dewey born
Born in Burlington. American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer (1859–1952).
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Edmund Husserl born
Born in Prostějov. German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology (*1859 – †1938).
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Verner von Heidenstam born
Born in Olshammar. Swedish writer (1859–1940).
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Jerome K. Jerome born
Born in Walsall. English humorist (1859-1927).
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Jean Jaurès born
Born in Castres. French / Occitan Socialist leader (1859-1914).
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Alfred Dreyfus born
Born in Mulhouse. French artillery officer (1859–1935).
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Sholem Aleichem born
Born in Pereiaslav. Jewish writer and playwright of Yiddish, who worked in Russian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and the United States (1859-1916).
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Alexandre Millerand born
Born in Paris. French lawyer and statesman (1859–1943).
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George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston born
Born in Kedleston Hall. Viceroy of India and British Foreign Secretary (1859–1925).
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Yuan Shikai born
Born in Xiangcheng City. Chinese military and government official (1859–1916).
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Peter Altenberg born
Born in Vienna. Austrian writer and poet (1859–1919).
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Francesc Macià i Llussà born
Born in Vilanova i la Geltrú. President of Generalitat de Catalunya (1931-33).
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Pavel Milyukov born
Born in Moscow. Russian politician and historian (1859-1943).
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Alfred Edward Housman born
Born in Bromsgrove. British classical scholar and poet (1859-1936).
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Francisco Ferrer born
Born in Alella. Spanish freethinker, anarchist and educator (1859–1909).
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Kostis Palamas born
Born in Patras. Greek poet.
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John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe born
Born in Southampton. Royal Navy officer (1859-1935).
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Alexander Samsonov born
Born in Andriyivka. Russian general (1859–1914).
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Alexandru Averescu born
Born in Ozerne. Marshal and former Prime Minister of Romania (1859-1938).
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Pierre Janet born
Born in Paris. French psychologist (1859–1947).
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Kosta Khetagurov born
Born in Nar. Ossetian poet (1859-1906).
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Sidney Webb born
Born in London. English socialist economist, 1859–1947 (1859–1947).
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Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia born
Born in Tsarskoye Selo. Russian grand duke (1859-1919); eldest child of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia and Princess Cecilie of Baden.
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Samuel Alexander born
Born in Sydney. Australian-born British philosopher (1859-1938).
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Gustave Kahn born
Born in Metz. French Symbolist poet and art critic (1859–1936).
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Charles Diehl born
Born in Strasbourg. French Byzantinist (1859–1944).
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Prince Oscar Bernadotte born
Born in Arvfurstens palats. Swedish religious activist (1859-1953); second son of Oscar II of Sweden and Sofia of Nassau.
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Juan Campisteguy born
Born in Montevideo. Uruguayan soldier, lawyer and president (1859-1937).
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Édouard-Alfred Martel born
Born in Pontoise. French cave explorer (1859–1938).
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Archibald Gracie IV born
Born in Mobile. Writer, historian, real estate investor (1858–1912).
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Radko Dimitriev born
Born in Gradets. Russian and Bulgarian general (1859–1918).
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Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria born
Born in Madrid. Spanish and Bavarian Royal and physician (1859-1949).
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Walther von Lüttwitz born
Born in Kluczbork. German general (1859-1942).
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Christian von Ehrenfels born
Born in Rodaun. Austrian philosopher (1859-1932).
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Anatole Le Braz born
Born in Duault. Breton writer and scholar (1859–1926).
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Maurice Paléologue born
Born in Paris. French diplomat, writer (1859-1944).
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Luigi Capello born
Born in Intra. Italian general.
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Alfred Jensen born
Born in Parish of Forsa. Swedish historian, slavist, writer, poet, and translator (1859-1921).
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Heinrich Zollinger died
Died in Java. Swiss botanist (1818–1859).
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Science & Technology 14
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Singapore Botanic Gardens
Botanical garden located in Singapore
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Missouri Botanical Garden
Non-profit organization in the USA
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Norwegian University of Life Sciences
University
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National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
Hospital in London, UK
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Prussian expedition to East Asia (1859-1862)
Diplomatic mission conducted by Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg on behalf of Prussia and the German Customs Union in 1859–1862 in China, Japan and Siam
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Botanical Garden Bern
Botanical garden located in Bern, the capital city of Switzerland
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Averett University
Private college in Danville, Virginia, USA
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Augsburg Hospital
Hospital in Germany
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The Queen's Medical Center
Hospital in Hawaii, United States
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University of Saint Mary
Private liberal arts university in Leavenworth, Kansas, United States
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University Hospital, New Orleans
Former hospital in Louisiana, United States
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Real e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência
Hospital in Brazil
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Hospital de la Misericordia, Lima
Hospital in Peru
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Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus
Hospital in Germany
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Exploration & Discovery 3
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Prussian expedition to East Asia (1859-1862)
Diplomatic mission conducted by Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg on behalf of Prussia and the German Customs Union in 1859–1862 in China, Japan and Siam
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HMS Conway
Royal Navy training school
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Crag Cave
Cave in County Kerry, Ireland
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Religion & Belief Systems 10
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New Synagogue Berlin
Synagoge in Berlin
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Beth Yaakov Synagogue
Church building in Geneva, Switzerland
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Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help
Church in Wisconsin, United States
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Synagogue in Kőszeg
Synagogue in Kőszeg (Religion & Belief Systems).
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Sri Thendayuthapani Temple
Hindu temple in Singapore
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St. Paul's Anglican Cathedral
Building in Seychelles
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Synagogue in Bojanowo
Synagogue in Bojanowo (Religion & Belief Systems).
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Synagoge an den Kohlhöfen
Hamburg, Germany
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St. Anna
Church building in Unterbruck, Fahrenzhausen, Germany
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St. Peter
Church building in Schwabering, Germany
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Economy & Trade 39
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Märklin
German toy company
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Škoda Works
Former manufacturing conglomerate
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Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company
American chain of grocery stores
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August Förster
Business
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Diebold Nixdorf
American multinational financial and retail technology company
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Brink's
American armored transport company
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Heinrich Lanz AG
Company
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Equitable Holdings
U.S. financial services company
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Albani Brewery
Brewery in Odense, Denmark
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Yorkshire Bank
Commercial bank located in England and Wales
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Gardner Denver
Former company
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Fokus Bank
Company
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Dime Savings Bank of New York
Originally Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn
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Beecham Group
British defunct pharmaceutical company
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Gehl Company
American manufacturer of compact equipment
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Banque Canadienne Nationale
Former Canadian bank, succeeded by the National Bank of Canada
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Norske Skog Saugbrugs
Pulp and paper mill in Halden, Norway
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Nederlandsch Indische Escompto-Maatschappij
Indondesian bank
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C. Illies & Co.
German company
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NW Natural
American publicly-traded utility headquartered in Portland, Oregon, United States
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Burmantofts Pottery
UK business
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Flagstar Bank
American commercial bank
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Gasworks building, Bydgoszcz
Former Coal gas factory in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Lion Store
Defunct American department store
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Cassa di Risparmio di Cento
Italian savings bank
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C. Schous Fabriker
Former manufacturer of consumer products in Denmark
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Thyssenkrupp Polysius
Thyssenkrupp Polysius (Economy & Trade).
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Derbyshire Building Society
Derbyshire Building Society (Economy & Trade).
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Chesapeake Utilities
American corporation
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Cassa di Risparmio della Provincia dell'Aquila
Italian savings bank
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Roots Blowers
American industrial manufacturer of rotary lobe blowers; division of Ingersoll Rand
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NZI
Insurance company
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Monroe Bank & Trust
Monroe Bank & Trust (Economy & Trade).
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Barrow Hematite Steel Company
UK business
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John Payne Ltd
UK business
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T. Wildman & Sons
English company and specialists in the manufacture of bobbins for the textile industry
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Greaves Cotton
Indian engineering company
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Reaney, Son & Archbold
American iron shipbuilding company
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N Brown Group
British home shopping business based in Manchester, England
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Disasters & Pandemics 2
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1859 Shamakhi earthquake
Earthquake in Azerbaijan
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Erzurum earthquake of 1859
6.1-magnitude earthquake that struck Erzurum in eastern Turkey on June 2, 1859
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Social Movements & Revolutions 1
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1859 Perugia uprising
1859 Perugia uprising (Social Movements & Revolutions).
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Architecture & Engineering 37
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Mandalay Palace
Reconstruction of the royal palace of the last Burmese monarchy
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Church of St. Alphonsus Liguori
Church
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Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Belleville
Church located in Paris, in France
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Ulvik Church
Church in Ulvik, Norway
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Geitastrand Church
Church in Orkland, Norway
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Guča Gora Monastery
Franciscan monastery in Guča Gorca, Bosnia
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Nedstryn Church
Church building in Stryn, Vestland, Norway
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Sunnylven Church
Parish church at Hellesylt in Stranda municipality, Norway
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Time Church
Church building in Time, Rogaland, Norway
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St. Andrew's Church, Bayonne
Church located in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in France
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Bakka Church
Parish church at Bakka, Aurland municipality, Norway
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Sukovo Monastery
Orthodox Monastery
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Saint Teresa of Avila Church
Roman-catholic church in Bodega, California
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Sauland Church
Church building in Hjartdal, Eastern Norway
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Åsmarka Church
Church building in Ringsaker, Innlandet, Norway
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Kilebygda Church
Church building in Skien, Eastern Norway
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Sodankylä Church
Church building in Sodankylä, Finland, built in 1859
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Old St. Raymond's Church
Church building in California, United States of America
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Episcopal Church of the Nativity
Church building in Alabama, United States of America
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Silbodal church
Church building in Årjäng Municipality, Sweden
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Church of Assumption of Blessed Virgin and St Anthony of Padua in Milejów
Church building in Milejów, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
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St James the Less, Pimlico
Anglican church in Pimlico, Westminster, London, England, UK
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St. Paul Church, Lingga
A church in Sarawak, Malaysia
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Christ Church, Ore
Church in Hastings, UK
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Holy Trinity Church, Hastings
Church in Hastings, East Sussex, England, UK
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Church of the Immaculate Conception
Church and cemetery in Halifax, North Carolina
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Christ Church, Long Lane
Church in Long Lane, Derbyshire, England, UK
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Our Mother of Sorrows Roman Catholic Church Complex
Church building in New York, United States of America
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Bethania
Chapel in Mountain Ash, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales
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Trinity Episcopal Church
Church building in Stockton, Minnesota, United States
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Christ Church, Higher Bebington
Grade II listed church in Wirral, Merseyside, England, UK
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St James Church, Gerrards Cross
Church in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, UK
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St Luke's Church, Preston
Grade II listed church in Preston, Lancashire, England, UK
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Chapel of Free Grace
Church building in Manhattan, United States of America
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Antioch Christian Church
Church building in Missouri, United States of America
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Arcola Presbyterian Church
Church building in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana
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Christ Church Ware
Church in Ware, Hertfordshire, England, UK
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Sports & Entertainment 5
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Stora Teatern
Theatre in Gothenburg, Sweden
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Betty Nansen Teatret
Theatre in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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London Pavilion
Building on Piccadilly Circus, London
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Wilton's Music Hall
Music hall in Whitechapel, Tower Hamlets, London, England, UK
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Teatro Baquet
Building in Porto, Porto District, Portugal
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Empires & Countries 10
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Romania founded
Romania was founded, with its capital at Bucharest.
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Principality of Moldavia dissolved
Principality of Moldavia ceased to exist, having been centered at Suceava.
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Duchy of Modena and Reggio dissolved
Duchy of Modena and Reggio ceased to exist, having been centered at Modena.
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United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia founded
United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia was founded, with its capital at Bucharest.
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Caucasian Imamate dissolved
Caucasian Imamate ceased to exist, having been centered at Vedeno.
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Principality of Wallachia dissolved
Principality of Wallachia ceased to exist, having been centered at Bucharest.
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Second Empire of Haiti dissolved
Second Empire of Haiti ceased to exist, having been centered at Port-au-Prince.
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Oudh State dissolved
Oudh State ceased to exist.
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Principality of Svaneti dissolved
Principality of Svaneti ceased to exist.
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Jefferson Territory founded
Jefferson Territory was founded.
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Dated to the wider period
Wikidata records these 2 entries only to a century, decade or millennium rather than to a specific year. They are listed here because 1859 is where that broader date falls, not because they are known to have happened in 1859.
19th century 2
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Scrabo Tower
Tower in County Down, Northern Ireland
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Helen's Tower
19th-century folly in Northern Ireland
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