What happened in 1869?
Suez Canal opens, Red River Rebellion and Battle of Miyako Bay — among 342 events recorded in 1869. A further 2 events are dated only to the wider period.
See 1869 on the interactive map →
Major Events 1
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Suez Canal opens
The Suez Canal opens, connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas and transforming global shipping routes.
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Wars & Conflicts 9
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Naval Battle of Hakodate
1869 battle
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Victoria de paraguay
1869 Ganadores
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Battle of Miyako Bay
Naval action on 6 May 1869, part of the overall Battle of Hakodate at the end of the Boshin War
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Battle of Summit Springs
1869 conflict in the Comanche War
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Battle of El Salado
1869 battle
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First Battle of Las Tunas
1869 battle of the Ten Years' War
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Battle of Piribebuy
1869 battle of the Paraguayan War
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Campaign of the Hills
1869 fifth and final phase of the War of the Triple Alliance
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Dutch Gold Coast expedition of 1869–1870
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People 96
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Adolphe Niel died
French Army general and statesman, also Marshal of France (1802-1869)
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Alexine Tinne died
Died in Fezzan. Dutch explorer in Africa and photographer (1835-1869).
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Charles Sturt died
Australian explorer (1795-1869)
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Jean René Constant Quoy died
French naval surgeon, zoologist and anatomist (1790-1869)
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Pyotr Anjou died
Arctic explorer and admiral of Russian Navy
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Jan Evangelista Purkyně died
Czech biologist, physiologist, doctor, inventor and politician (1787–1869)
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Enrico Salati died
Prime Minister of the Duchy of Parma from 1849 to 1859
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Thomas Graham died
British chemist (1805–1869)
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John Augustus Roebling died
German-American engineer
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Carl Reichenbach died
German scientist and philosopher (1788–1869)
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Frédéric Cailliaud died
French scientist
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Eugène Mage died
French Navy officer (1837–1869)
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John Pascoe Fawkner died
(1792–1869) early pioneer to Victoria, Australia
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Adolphe Delessert died
French explorer (1809-1869)
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Peter Fox died
English radical journalist
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Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille died
French physicist (1797-1869)
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Mary Ward died
Anglo-Irish scientist and writer (1827-1869)
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Gheorghe Asachi died
Moldavian polymath (1788-1869)
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Hermann von Meyer died
German paleontologist (1801 – 1869)
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John Shae Perring died
British academic (1813-1869)
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Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja died
Italian mathematician (1803-1869)
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Otto Linné Erdmann died
German chemist
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Joseph Jackson Lister died
British physicist
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Luigi Poletti died
Italian architect
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Moritz Ludwig Frankenheim died
German physicist (1801-1869)
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Pietro Paleocapa died
Italian politician and engineer (1788-1869)
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Johann Joseph Scherer died
German chemist (1814–1869)
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Athanase Dupré died
French mathematician and physicist (1808–1869)
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Benoît Darondeau died
French engineer (1805-1869)
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Frederick Bakewell died
British inventor
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Franz von Cordon died
(1796-1869)
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Axel Erdmann died
Swedish geologist
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Giuseppe Puini died
Italian architect and engineer (1806–1869)
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Theodore Strong died
American mathematician
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Jacques Etienne Bérard died
French politician, chemist and physicist (1789-1869)
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Jacques, comte Mallet died
French politician and engineer (1787-1869)
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William Fishburn Donkin died
Professor of Astonomy (1814-1869)
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James Simpson died
British civil engineer (1799-1869)
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John Dickinson died
British inventor
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Michel Reiss died
German mathematician
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William Greener died
British gun maker (1806–1869)
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William Craig died
American frontiersman and trapper
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Hampden Clement Blamire Moody died
Commander of Royal Engineers in British China
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Frederick Charles Porter died
Australian miner and explorer
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François-Antoine Larocque died
Canadian businessman (1784-1869)
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Robert Newell died
American politician and fur trapper (1807-1869)
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Alexander Dreyschock died
Czech composer and pianist (1818–1869)
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Pauline Fourès died
French painter (1778-1869)
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Albert Methfessel died
German composer
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Raimund Dreyschock died
Czech violinist (1824–1869)
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Charles Lucas died
British cellist, composer and Principal of the Royal Academy of Music (1808-1869)
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Isidora Zegers died
Composer (1803–1869)
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Eufrosyne Abrahamson died
Swedish actress (1836-1869)
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Clara Ricciolini died
Brazilian actress
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Friedrich Hopp died
Austrian stage actor and writer (1789-1869)
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Eleanora Moore died
English actress (1844-1869)
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Michel Pisseux died
French savateur
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Mahatma Gandhi born
Born in Porbandar. Indian independence activist (1869–1948).
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André Gide born
Born in Paris. French author and Nobel laureate (1869–1951).
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Emma Goldman born
Born in Kaunas. Russian-born American anarchist (1869–1940).
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Neville Chamberlain born
Born in Birmingham. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940.
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Grigori Rasputin born
Born in Pokrovskoye. Russian mystic (1869–1916).
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Nadezhda Krupskaya born
Born in Saint Petersburg. Russian revolutionary and politician (1869–1939).
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Emilio Aguinaldo born
Born in Kawit. President of the Philippines from 1899 to 1902.
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Christian Lous Lange born
Born in Stavanger. Norwegian diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize recipient (1869-1938).
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Zinaida Gippius born
Born in Belyov. Russian poet, playwright, editor, short story writer and religious thinker (1869-1945).
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Else Lasker-Schüler born
Born in Elberfeld. Jewish German poet (1869–1945).
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Hovhannes Tumanyan born
Born in Dsegh. Armenian writer and public activist (1869–1923).
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Stanisław Wyspiański born
Born in Kraków. Polish playwright, painter and poet (1869–1907).
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Karl Haushofer born
Born in Munich. German philosopher (1869-1946).
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Rudolf Otto born
Born in Peine. German theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist (1869–1937).
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Washington Luís born
Born in Macaé. President of Brazil from 1926 to 1930.
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Óscar Carmona born
Born in Lisbon. 11th Portuguese president (1926-1951).
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Prince Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta born
Born in Genoa. Italian general (1869–1931).
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Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria born
Born in Munich. German general (1869–1955).
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Ramón Menéndez Pidal born
Born in A Coruña. Spanish philologist (1869-1968).
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Pyotr Krasnov born
Born in Saint Petersburg. White movement Cossack (1869－1947).
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Edwin Arlington Robinson born
Born in Maine. American poet (1869–1935).
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Vasily Bartold born
Born in Saint Petersburg. Russian orientalist (1869–1930).
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Bhagwan Das born
Born in Varanasi. Indian Theosophist (1869-1958).
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Giulio Douhet born
Born in Caserta. Italian general (1869–1930).
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Slobodan Jovanović born
Born in Novi Sad. Serbian jurist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and literary critic.
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Hans Poelzig born
Born in Berlin. German architect (1869-1936).
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Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich of Russia born
Born in Borjomi. Russian grand duke (1869-1918); sixth child and fifth son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia and Princess Cecilie of Baden.
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Helene Stöcker born
Born in Elberfeld. German feminist, pacifist and gender activist (1869–1943).
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Augusto Tasso Fragoso born
Born in São Luís. Brazilian writer, soldier and politician (1869-1945).
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Ivan Aguéli born
Born in Sala Municipality. Sufi master and nationally recognized contemporary painter in Sweden (1869-1917).
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Léon Brunschvicg born
Born in Paris. French philosopher (1869–1944).
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Nikolaos Trikoupis born
Born in Missolonghi. Greek general and politician.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster born
Born in Berlin. German academic, philosopher, editor and pacifist (1869-1966).
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Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho born
Born in Lisbon. Portuguese aviator (1869-1959).
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Leone Caetani born
Born in Rome. Italian politician and scholar (1869-1935).
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Victor Emmanuel III of Italy born
Born in Naples. King of Italy from 1900 to 1946.
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Michael von Faulhaber born
Born in Heidenfeld. German Roman Catholic Cardinal (1869-1952).
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Mezidemestan Kadın born
Born in Ganja. Sixth consort of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
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Mihrengiz Kadın born
Born in Sochi. Consort of Ottoman Sultan (1869–1938).
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Science & Technology 27
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Arcetri Observatory
Observatory in Arcetri, Italy
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Boston Children's Hospital
Children's hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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St. Cloud State University
University in Minnesota
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Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
Institution responsible for surveying and mapping the national land of Japan
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Augsburg University
University in Minneapolis, USA
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Art Academy of Cincinnati
Private college
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Trinity University
University in San Antonio, Texas
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Second German North Polar Expedition (1869-1870)
Second arctic German expedition
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Dillard University
Private college in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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Claflin University
Private historically black university in Orangeburg, South Carolina
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Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
University in Mexico
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Evelina London Children's Hospital
Hospital in England
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Chatham University
University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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New End Hospital
Former hospital
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Ljungby hospital
Acute-care hospital in Ljungby, Sweden
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Warsaw Hospital for Children
Hospital in Poland
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Boston University
Private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Purdue University
Public research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Public university in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
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University of Otago
University in New Zealand
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University of Portsmouth
University in Portsmouth, UK
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Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Public university in Carbondale, Illinois, USA; flagship of the SIU system
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University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca
University in Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nation Military College
Argentine military academy
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Saint Vincent Ferrer Seminary
Private college in Iloilo, Philippines
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Woodstock College
Former Jesuit seminary in Maryland
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The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Hospital in China
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Exploration & Discovery 6
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Trou au Natron
Caldera in Tibesti mountains, Chad
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Welcome Stranger
Gold nugget found in Victoria, Australia
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Mammoth of Durfort
Mammoth skeleton found in 1869
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Georges Valentine
shipwreck in Florida, United States
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Samuel P. Ely
Schooner wrecked in Lake Superior
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Lushai Expedition
Abortive punitive expedition against Sukpilal
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Religion & Belief Systems 50
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Hagios Titos church
Cathedral of Heraklion, Crete
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Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Valle
Roman Catholic cathedral in Catamarca, Argentina
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Nola Cathedral
Church building in Nocera Superiore, Italy
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Cathedral of St. Mary of the Annunciation
Church in Missouri, United States
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Synagogue (Osijek)
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Saint Mary chapel in Czułów, Lesser Poland Voivodeship
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Donon Temple
Temple located in Bas-Rhin, in France
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Church of Sts. Constantine and Helen
Church in Edirne, Turkey
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Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Sligo
Cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Elphin in Sligo, Ireland
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Wat Ratchabophit
Buddhist temple in Phra Nakhon district, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cathedral Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
Cathedral in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
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St Peter's Cathedral
Cathedral in Adelaide, South Australia
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Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
Historic Catholic cathedral in Portland, Maine, United States
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Church of Saints Boris and Gleb in Mahilioŭ
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Jewish Cemetery in Katowice
Jewish cemetery in Katowice, Poland
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Cathedral of St. James
Historic cathedral in Fajardo, Puerto Rico
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St. Peter's Cathedral
Church in Prince Edward Island, Canada
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San Joaquin Church
Roman Catholic parish church in San Joaquin, Iloilo, Philippines
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Tyndale Baptist Church
Church building in Bristol, United Kingdom
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temple protestant de Chambery
Meeting house located in Savoie, in France
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temple de l'église protestante ma'ohi de Paofai
Meeting house located in Polynésie française, in France
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Temple protestant de Libourne
Meeting house located in Gironde, in France
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Clarendon Street Baptist Church
Church building in Massachusetts, United States of America
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San Miguel Church
Roman Catholic church in San Miguel, Bulacan, Philippines
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Former Holy Trinity Methodist Church, Dunedin
Former church, later theatre, in Dunedin, New Zealand
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Protestant church Lübbenau Neustadt
Church building in Lübbenau, Brandenburg state, Germany
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Lutheran church in Dalbe
Latvian cultural monument No. 5187
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Maribor Lutheran Church
Church building in Maribor City Municipality, Slovenia
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Leichenhalle Benkendorffstraße 2 in Ansbach
Cultural heritage monument D-5-61-000-90 (3) in Ansbach, Bavaria
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Muroran Hachimangu Shrine
Shinto shrine in Hokkaido, Japan
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St. Francis Xavier Church
church building in West Virginia, United States of America
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Annunciation Church
historic place in Houston, Harris County, Texas
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Church of the Holy Comforter
church building in Brownsville, United States of America
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Church of the Good Shepherd
historic church in New York, United States
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Congregational United Church of Christ
church building in Iowa, United States of America
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Emanuel AME Church
church building in Alabama, United States of America
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Grace Episcopal Church
historic church in Colorado, United States
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Saint James' Episcopal Church
church building in Kentucky, United States of America
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Poland Presbyterian Church and Cemetery
historic church in Indiana, United States
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Springville Center for the Arts
historic church in New York, United States
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Christ Episcopal Church
Wellsburg, New York, United States
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Church of the Holy Communion, Episcopal
church building in St. Peter, United States of America
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Cumberland Presbyterian Church
church building in Arkansas, United States of America
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Free Church Parsonage
church building in New York, United States of America
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Mount Olivet Presbyterian Church
church building in South Carolina, United States of America
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Quinn Chapel AME Church
church building in St. Louis, United States of America
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St. Joseph (Beller)
Church building in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
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St. Boniface Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic church in Perryville, Missouri
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Betkreuz Wendischbaselitz
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Kenkäveronniemi rectory
Clergy house in Mikkeli, Finland
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Economy & Trade 59
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Goldman Sachs
American investment bank
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Leica Camera
German optics company
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Russo-Balt
Machine-building enterprise of the Russian Empire
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Campbell's
American food manufacturer
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Black Friday
Gold panic on 24 September 1869 caused by the efforts of two investors, Jay Gould and his partner James Fisk (the Gold Ring), to corner the gold market on the New York Gold Exchange
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Western Electric
Engineering and manufacturing company
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Hamburg Süd
Shipping company in Hamburg, Germany
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Pick Szeged
Company
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Banco Espírito Santo
Portuguese banking group
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GN Store Nord
Danish company
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Matsuya
Japanese department store
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Terberg
Dutch brand of trucks
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Lima Locomotive Works
Defunct American locomotive manufacturer
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Eaton's
Canadian retailer
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Westinghouse Air Brake Company
Former American manufacturing company
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PORR
Austrian construction company
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Welch's
American company
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Peek & Cloppenburg
International chain of clothing stores from Germany
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Ammann Group
Company
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Lokomotivfabrik Floridsdorf
Locomotive factory in Vienna, Austria
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Böker
German cutlery company
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Caledonian Brewery
Scottish brewery
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Styria Media Group
Austrian media company
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TÜV Nord
German vehicular inspection and product certification services company
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Alexander & Baldwin
Company
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Bell Food Group
Public company
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Bayerische Vereinsbank
Former German bank
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Deli Maatschappij
Dutch East Indies tobacco company
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Electroputere VFU Pașcani
Rail company of Romania
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Sir Robert McAlpine
British company
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Dunfermline Building Society
Company
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Baker Boyer Bank
Bank in Walla Walla, Washington
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Kimuraya Sohonten
Bakery in Japan
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McLeod Russel
Indian tea company
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Libby's
Canned food brand
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Media Wales
Publishing company based in Cardiff, Wales
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Monmouthshire Building Society
UK business
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Tooheys Brewery
Australian brewery
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Wiener Bankverein
Former bank in Austria
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Kalinin Plant
Company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Graybar
American electronics distribution company
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Călan steel works
Former steel mill in Călan, Romania
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Deutsche Pfandbriefbank
Business
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Frutiger AG
Swiss company
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United States Cartridge Company
American cartridge ammunition manufacturer
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SBS Bank
Retail bank in New Zealand
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N. Snellenburg & Company
American manufacturer and retailer
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Landesgewerbeanstalt Bayern
German certification company
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Gooderham and Worts
Canadian alcoholic beverage distiller
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Hadfields Limited
UK business
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Hamptons International
Estate agent based in London
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Kinney Brothers Tobacco Company
19th-century tobacco company; also issued trading cards
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Tower Insurance
New Zealand insurance company
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Woolland Brothers
Former department store in London
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HITIAG
Business
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Boston Musical Instrument Company
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Mansfield Building Society
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C. Geijer & Co
Norwegian industrial company
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Sahlen's
American meat packing company
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Disasters & Pandemics 2
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1869 Christchurch earthquake
June 1869 earthquake in New Zealand
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1869 Cachar earthquake
Earthquake in India
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Social Movements & Revolutions 3
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Red River Rebellion
Sequence of events that led up to the 1869 establishment of a provisional government by the Métis leader Louis Riel and his followers at the Red River Colony, in what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba
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1869 uprising in Krivošije
Internal conflict in the Austro-Hungarian Empire
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Kiva Rebellion
1869 rebellion
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Architecture & Engineering 71
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Neuschwanstein Castle
Castle in Bavaria, Germany, Europe
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Museum of San Marco
Art museum in the former convent of San Marco in Florence, Italy
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Ružica Church
Church
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Basilique Saint-Nicolas
Basilica located in Loire-Atlantique, in France
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King Oscar II Chapel
Church in Sør-Varanger municipality, Norway
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Mandarin's House
Building in Macau
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Albert Memorial Clock
Clock tower in Belfast
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Church of Saints Peter and Paul
Church in Singapore
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St. Thomas church
Protestant church in Berlin-Kreuzberg, Germany
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Grønland Church
Church in Oslo, Norway
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Beitstad Church
Church building in Steinkjer Municipality, Norway
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Gullstein Church
Church building in Aure Municipality, Norway
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Kyrkjebø Church
Church building in Høyanger, Norway
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Vistdal Church
Church building in Nesset, Møre og Romsdal, Norway
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Bremnes Church
Church building in Bømlo, Norway
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Vaasa Church
Church building in Vaasa, Finland
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Hauge Church
Building in Lærdal, Vestland, Norway
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Vågstranda Church
Church building in Rauma, Møre og Romsdal, Norway
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Ranes Church
Church building in Surnadal, Møre og Romsdal, Norway
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Sira Church
Parish church in Nesset municipality, Norway
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Ullern Church
Church in Sør-Odal, Innlandet, Norway
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Essenbæk Church
Church in Randers SØ, Denmark
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St. Stephen's Church, Rosslyn Hill
Grade I listed church in the London Borough of Camden, England,UK
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St. Gevorg Church
Church in Nakhchivan
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All Saints Memorial Church
Church building in Providence, Rhode Island
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Beale Street Baptist Church
Church building in Memphis, Tennessee
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Church of St. Joseph-Catholic
Church building in St. Joseph, United States of America
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Guildhall, Chester
Grade II listed former church in Chester, UK
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Mother of God Roman Catholic Church
Historic church in Kentucky, United States
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South Presbyterian Church
Church in Dobbs Ferry, New York
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St Luke's Kentish Town
Church in Kentish Town, North London, UK
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St. Luzia
Church building in Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
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Bethel A.M.E. Church
Church building in Indiana, United States of America
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Yasukuni Shrine
Shinto shrine in Tokyo, Japan
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Hokkaidō Jingū
Shinto shrine in Chūō-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan
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Kamakura-gū
Shinto shrine in Kamakura, Kanagawa prefecture, Japan
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Glenveagh Castle
Castle in County Donegal, Ireland
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Fort Washakie
Historic district in the United States
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Aichi Gokoku Shrine
Shinto shrine in Aichi Prefecture, Japan
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Nohi Gokoku Shrine
Shinto shrines in Gifu Prefecture, Japan
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Wallace Monument
Tower standing on the summit of Abbey Craig, near Stirling in Scotland
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Medici Chapels
Structures at the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, Italy
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Elevador Lacerda
Public elevator in Salvador, Brazil
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Palais Longchamp
Palatial monument in Marseille, France
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Schiller Monument (Berlin)
Sculpture in Berlin, Germany
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Schloss Hohenbuchau
Defunct neo-baroque castle in Georgenborn, Schlangenbad, Hesse, Germany
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Albrechtsbrunnen
Fountain in Vienna
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Kumamoto Gokoku Shrine
Shinto shrine in Chūō-ku, Japan
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Mausoleum of Archduke John of Austria
Building in Schenna, Italy
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Saint Grigor Church in Ganja
Church building in Ganja, Azerbaijan
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Varshavsky bridge
Bridge in Russia
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Kirche Heinrichswalde
Church building in Slavsk, Russia
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Church of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
Church building in Vytegra, Russia
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Chicago Water Tower
water tower
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Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
Catholic cathedral in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States
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Cathedral of St. Joseph
church in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States
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SS R.J. Hackett
historic shipwreck in Lake Michigan
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Casa de Pedrorena de Altamirano
historical Landmark in San Diego, California, United States
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Confederate Monument (Union City)
Confederate monument in Union City, Tennessee, U.S.A.
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Expedition Island
park in Green River, Wyoming, United States
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First Baptist Church
historic church in Methuen, Massachusetts, United States
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Grace United Methodist Church
church building in Keene, New Hampshire, United States of America
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First Methodist Church of Burlington
church building in Burlington, United States of America
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Central Mine Methodist Church
church building in Michigan, United States of America
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Phenix Baptist Church
church building in West Warwick, United States of America
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Bethany Chapel
historic church in New Jersey, United States
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Kunštátská kaple
Chapel in Czech Republic
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Saint Nicholas chapel in Shmankivtsi
Ukrainian Orthodox chapel in Shmankivtsi, Ukraine
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St. Vincent de Paul Church
Church in Manhattan, New York
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Sainte-Anne hospital chapel
Chapel located in Paris, in France
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Lyubimovka
Historic site, estate in Tarasovka, Russia
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Sports & Entertainment 13
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Vienna State Opera house
Opera house in Vienna, Austria
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Folies Bergère
Music hall and theatre in Paris, France
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National Theatre in Belgrade
Theatre in Belgrade, Serbia
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Chorégies d'Orange
Annual opera festival in France
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Teatro Municipal Miguel de Cervantes
Theatre in Málaga, Spain
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Théâtre des Capucins
Theatre in Luxembourg City
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Ángela Peralta Theatre
Theatre in Mazatlán, Mexico
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Stadsschouwburg
Theatre in Bruges, Belgium
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Maxim Gorky State Drama Theatre
Theatre in Orenburg, Russia
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Booth's Theatre
Former theatre in Manhattan, New York
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California Theatre
Former theatre in San Francisco, California, United States
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Reed Opera House and McCornack Block Addition
Historic building in Salem, Oregon, USA
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World's Peace Jubilee and International Musical Festival
1872 music festival
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Empires & Countries 5
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Republic of Ezo founded
Republic of Ezo was founded, with its capital at Hakodate.
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Republic of Ezo dissolved
Republic of Ezo ceased to exist, having been centered at Hakodate.
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Fuladu founded
Fuladu was founded, with its capital at Ndorna.
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Morelos founded
Morelos was founded, with its capital at Cuernavaca.
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Hidalgo founded
Hidalgo was founded, with its capital at Pachuca.
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Dated to the wider period
Wikidata records these 2 entries only to a century, decade or millennium rather than to a specific year. They are listed here because 1869 is where that broader date falls, not because they are known to have happened in 1869.
1860s 2
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Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour
Historic church in Minnesota, United States
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Chapelle funéraire Montour-Malhiot
Church building in Quebec, Canada
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